Molecular mechanisms of cholangiocacinaoma

The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is rising, poor prognosis due to lack of viable treatment.Recent investigations into the underlying molecular mechanisms of cholangiocarcinogenesis and tumor growth have contributed greatly to our understanding of this disease, which will lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for this devastating cancer. The purpose of the following review is to address what has been learned over the past decade concerning the molecular basis of cholangiocarcinogenesis and factors regulating cholangiocarcinoma growth. Through a better understanding of these mechanisms, more specific diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative strategies may be developed and hopefully improve the outcome of this devastating disease. Key words: cholangiocarcinoma;  molecular mechanisms;  genetic alteration;  leptin