Oral contraceptives: considerations of safety in nonclinical distribution.

The side effects major complications and contraindications of oral contraceptives (OCs) are reviewed and the paramedical or commercial distribution of OCs is discussed. The major health risk of OC use is thromboembolic disease. Cancer and liver disease do not seem to be significantly related to OC use though gall bladder diseases have been associated with use. Effects on fetal development and lactation are regarded as inconclusive. With respect to worldwide professional personnel shortages it is considered that paraprofessional screening and prescription of oral contraceptives should be given appropriate testing.