Enhanced sorption of radiocobalt from water by Bi(III) modified montmorillonite: A novel adsorbent

Abstract In this study, Ca–montmorillonite (Ca–Mt) modified with Bi 3+ was used as a novel adsorbent for the sorption of Co(II) from aqueous solutions. The sorption of Co(II) on Bi–montmorillonite (Bi–Mt) was investigated as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, adsorbent content, Co(II) concentrations, fulvic acid (FA) and temperature. Compared to Ca–Mt, Bi–Mt showed a higher affinity to bind Co(II) ions. The sorption percentage of Co(II) on Bi–Mt increased with increasing pH at pH 3.0–8.5, and then maintained the high level at pH 8.5–12. The sorption of Co(II) on Bi–Mt was dependent on ionic strength at low pH, and independent of ionic strength at high pH. The presence of FA enhanced Co(II) sorption at low pH, but suppressed Co(II) sorption at high pH. The thermodynamic data derived from temperature dependent sorption isotherms suggested that the sorption of Co(II) on Bi–Mt was spontaneous and endothermic process. Outer-sphere surface complexation and/or ion exchange were the main mechanisms of Co(II) sorption on Bi–Mt at low pH, whereas inner-sphere surface complexation was the main sorption mechanism at high pH. From the experimental results, it is possible to conclude that Bi–Mt is suitable for application of Co(II) removal from aqueous solutions.