Intrauterine contraceptive device — status report

Abstract Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a highly effective and safe method of contraception that do not require compliance once inserted. The failure rates of modern IUDs, such as the Copper T-380, the Multiload copper 375 and the IUD that releases 20 μg levonorgestrel daily (LNG-IUD-20) are less than one pregnancy per 100 woman-years of use. Researchers have equated these efficacies with those of tubal sterilization and Norplant implants. IUDs' efficacies are long-lasting, and are easily reversible. In the present review, I will summarize findings that have been reported on issues and new developments concerning IUDs since 1991. Perspectives are also offered for future studies.