Halo-vest Treatment of Odontoid Fractures

Purpose Treatment of odontoid fractures is controversial and there is no single therapeutic method that is universally accepted. The purpose of this paper is to retrospectively review odontoid fractures treated orthopedically with a halovest. Materials and methods Eighteen patients were retrospectively studied who presented with an odontoid fracture; fractures were treated between 1987 and 2001 by means of a halo vest. Mean age was 38 years (range 16-75 years). Mean followup was 5 years (range: 1-15 years). The most usual mechanism of injury (11 cases) was a road accident. Eight of the fractures were type III and 3 were type II according to Anderson and D’Alonzo's classification. In all cases but three, a standard and CT-scan imaging study was performed. Incorporation was documented by means of plain x-rays and tomographs (in some cases CT-scans were used). Pain, cervical mobility, return to previous activities and neurological status were assessed using the Smiley-Webster scale. Results Global incorporation rate was 89% (16 cases). In 9 cases (50%) results were excellent, in 4 (22%) they were good, in 3 (16.6%) they were fair and in 2 (11%) poor. Results were good in 6 cases of type II fractures (60%) and 7 cases of type III fractures (87.5%). In 7 cases it was possible to improve reduction by an average 6 mm. In two cases, initial displacement until incorporation increased by 2 mm. Poor results (11.1%) resulted from treatment failure and required a posterior cervical arthrodesis performed with Brooks and Gallie's technique. In 2 of the 5 patients over 60 (40%), treatment failed and a surgical procedure was required to stabilize the fracture. The most significant complications were 5 cases of halo loosening (27.7%), one case of a sensory nerve neuroma and one case of secondary post-traumatic syringomyelia. Conclusions Orthopedic treatment with a halo-vest allowed us to reduce and stabilize odontoid fractures up to incorporation in 89% of cases, with 66.5% of good results.