Sex Differences in the Anatomy of the Airways and the Lungs: Impact on Dysanapsis across the Lifespan

Although arguably neglected in the past, sex differences in the biological and physiological characteristics of humans have been recently object of renewed interest. Evidences of sex-induced anatomical differences in the respiratory system can be identified in utero and persist throughout the human life span, being important determinants not only of physiological behavior at rest and during exercise, but also of clinical manifestations of airway diseases.