First Successful Clinical Application of the In Vivo Tissue-Engineered Autologous Vascular Graft

Purpose The ideal material for pediatric pulmonary artery (PA) augmentation is autologous pericardium. However, its utility for multistaged operations is limited. In this study, we applied an in vivo tissue-engineered autologous Biotube graft to a patient with congenital heart disease for the first time. Description For molds of the Biotubes, two silicone 19F drain tubes were embedded in the subcutaneous spaces of a 2-year-old girl with a diagnosis of pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries during palliative surgical procedures. When definitive repair was performed after 8 months, the implants were removed to prepare Biotubes, one of which was cut open and autologously implanted into the PA for patch augmentation. Evaluation Seven months after implantation, the Biotube patch-augmented PA tolerated balloon angioplasty (BAP) for residual stenosis of the peripheral PA. Computed tomography images after BAP showed the well-preserved shape of the Biotube patch-augmented PA. Neither aneurysm formation nor stenosis was observed. Conclusions The safety and feasibility of Biotubes for pediatric PA patch augmentation are described. Because Biotubes are completely autologous, they may be ideal material for pediatric PA augmentation.