Kvalita života u pacientů v predialýze a s peritoneální dialýzou

Background: The number of patients with chronic kidney disease who have to undergo dialysis treatment is constantly increasing, but the number of people receiving peritoneal dialysis is decreasing. In 2008 the dialysis programme of the Czech Republic was 5633 patients, of which 462 (8 %) were was treated with peritoneal dialysis and in 2018 it was 359 (5 %) Of a total of 6990 patients. Aim: To compare the quality of life of patients with renal failure in pre-dialysis care and in patients with peritoneal dialysis, identify the problem areas that are burdened by these patients. Methodology and sample: A cross-sectional quantitative method was used for research inquiries using a standardised Kidney Disease and Quality of Life™ Short Form. The investigation took place in March 2018 at 13 dialysis workplaces in the Czech Republic. A sample of 61 respondents consisted of 30 patients in predialysis and 31 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. Results: A statistically very significant difference of mean values in quality of life in predialysis patients and with periotoneal dialysis was calculated using a T-Test at a level of significance of 1% (T > Tcrit at α = 0.01) in the dimension "renal disease burden" and "employment". A statistically significant difference in mean values (α = 0.05) was calculated for the other two dimensions of "physical problem limitation" and "care satisfaction". Most are affected by chronic kidney disease and the type of treatment of social interaction and physical activity. Conclusion: The quality of life of patients in predialysis and peritoneal dialysis is reduced compared to the quality of life of the normal population, but comparable to the quality of life in the US chronic renal disease population. In patients with peritoneal dialysis, the quality of life is better than that of patients in predialysis.