Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure. Epidemiology, Right Ventricular Function, and Survival

Rationale: Patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) and a diastolic pulmonary vascular pressure gradient ≥7 mm Hg, representing PH out of proportion to pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, have pulmonary vascular disease and increased mortality. Little information exists on this condition, recently labeled as “combined pre- and post-capillary PH” (Cpc-PH).Objectives: To investigate epidemiology, risk factors, right ventricular function, and outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and Cpc-PH.Methods: The study population was identified from a retrospective chart review of a clinical database of 3,107 stable patients who underwent first diagnostic right heart catheterization and from a prospective cohort of 800 consecutive patients at a national university-affiliated tertiary center.Measurements and Main Results: The retrospective cohort had 664 patients with systolic heart failure (SHF) and 399 patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF), 12% of whom were classified as ...