Development of specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for multiple vitellogenins in marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae

Abstract Non-competitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for three distinct sole vitellogenins (VtgAa, VtgAb and VtgC) were designed using their purified lipovitellin (Lv) products and corresponding digoxigenin-labeled, anti-Lv polyclonal antibodies, primarily for employment in monitoring estrogenic pollution of the environment. The working range of the ELISAs was from 0.97 to 1,000 ng/mL for all Vtg subtypes. Each ELISA appeared to be specific to the targeted Vtg subtype. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation in the developed ELISAs were lower than 10%. Three Vtg subtypes were induced in serum of immature fish by estradiol-17β (E2) injection (0.5 mg/kg body weight). All Vtg subtypes were induced one day after the injection, reaching peak levels (Lv equivalents) within three days, as follows: 39.1 ± 28.9 μg/mL (VtgAa), 57.9 ± 30.7 μg/mL (VtgAb) and 12.6 ± 4.8 μg/mL (VtgC). In wild-caught males, VtgAa, VtgAb and VtgC were detected in ranges from 0.26 to 1.21, 0.19 to 8.69, and 0.17 to 53.50 μg/mL, respectively, over various sampling periods. In vitellogenic females sampled in January, the average level of VtgAb (8,744.43 ± 733.93 μg/mL) was significantly higher than for VtgAa (150.33 ± 22.35 μg/mL) or VtgC (57.08 ± 6.00 μg/mL); thus VtgAb appeared to be the most dominant Vtg subtype. The present study entails the first report on development of subtype-specific Vtg ELISAs in marbled sole, which empowers us to detect and monitor estrogenic contamination in aquatic environments inhabited by this species.