Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the HMA gene family in Brassica napus under cd stress

Background and aims Brassica napus (B. napus), one of the most important oil crop species, is highly tolerant to and accumulates high amounts of cadmium (Cd). Many iron transporters in plants have been identified to be Cd transporters. For example, some members of the heavy metal P1B-ATPase transporter family are responsible for Cd translocation in various plant species and play a vital role in Cd detoxification. However, the Cd translocation mechanism in B. napus and the characterization of the heavy metal ATPase (HMA) in B. napus remain unknown.