Time-Modulated Phased Array Controlled With Nonideal Bipolar Squared Periodic Sequences

Bipolar ( $\pm$ 1) sequences with no zero state suit particularly well for safeguarding the switched feeding network efficiency when applied to time-modulated arrays. During the zero state of a conventional time-modulating sequence, if a given array element is switched off , a certain amount of energy of the transmitted/received signal is wasted. We propose a novel single sideband time-modulated phased array (TMPA) architecture governed by realistic bipolar squared sequences in which the rise/fall time of the switches is considered. By using single-pole dual-throw switches and nonreconfigurable passive devices, the TMPA exploits, exclusively, the first positive harmonic pattern while exhibiting an excellent performance in terms of efficiency and control level of the undesired harmonics without using synthesis optimization algorithms (software simplicity).