Three-dimensional localization algorithm of wireless sensor networks base on particle swarm optimization

Abstract Although many localization protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in a three dimensional topology, the demand to further improve the accuracy of node positioning method make it necessary to design and develop new localization algorithms. In this paper, a three-dimensional localization algorithm of wireless sensor networks base on particle swarm optimization (TLP) is presented. By exploiting the basic principles of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the information of practical node positioning applications, TLP searches out the optimal localization results on the basis of the distance from anchor nodes to unknown nodes. Compared to the normal schemes, such as least mean square algorithm (LMS), the simulation results reveal that the proposed protocol provides high positioning accuracy under the existence of ranging errors.