Urologic findings on computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis in a pediatric population

Abstract Objectives (1) Determine the number of urologic conditions diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) in children in the emergency department setting. (2) Identify which diagnoses were incidental. (3) Determine how often there was urologic follow-up by a local pediatric urologist. Patients and methods We reviewed the charts and radiologist interpretations of all CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis performed within 2 days of admission via our emergency department from July 2007 to June 2009. Patients were included if the diagnosis was new. If a urologic finding was noted on final read, the CT was re-examined by one of our urologists to verify the finding. Results Among 2991 CT scans (one CT scan per patient), there were 213 (7%) new urologic findings: 124 were incidental; 144 patients (68% of patients with urologic findings) did not receive follow-up. Renal abnormalities were present in 127. The most common finding was renal cyst (69 patients). Ureteral abnormalities were present in 47. The most common ureteral finding was hydroureteronephrosis (40). Other anomalies identified included bladder (7) and scrotal (14) abnormalities, stones (13), and adrenal lesions (5). Conclusion Many urologic diagnoses are revealed during CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. The majority are cysts, hydroureteronephrosis, and pyelonephritis. Many incidental findings have also been revealed in the emergency department setting.