The Construction of Tactual Maps

Tactual maps have historically been constructed by gluing materials to a board or by embossing paper or foil with tools. Although these methods are still used today, other approaches have been developed so that tactual maps can be created, modified, and reproduced more consistently, quickly, and conveniently. No single method has yet emerged as the best for the construction of tactual maps. Each presents advantages and disadvantages in production time and cost, image quality, relief height, surface microtexture, visibility of symbology for sighted persons, durability, and ease of use. Methods are described under the categories of manual, photomechanical, and computer-based construction.