Antitumor cytokine DR5-B-conjugated polymeric poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) nanoparticles with enhanced cytotoxicity in human colon carcinoma 3D cell spheroids.

Self-assembled nanoparticles based on amphiphilic poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (Amph-PVP) were earlier proposed as a new drug delivery system. In current work, we studied antitumor activity of Amph-PVP-based self-assembled polymeric micelles covalently conjugated with the antitumor receptor-specific TRAIL variant DR5-B (P-DR5-B). The Amph-PVP polymer was synthesized by the earlier developed one-step technique (Kulikov et al., Polym. Sci. Ser. D, 2017). To stabilize Amph-PVP associates, the hydrophobic core was loaded with model substance prothionamide. For covalent conjugation with DR5-B, hydrophilic ends of polymeric chains were modified with maleimide, and a DR5-B N-terminal amino acid residue valine was mutated to cysteine (DR5-B/V114C). DR5-B/V114C was conjugated to the surface of polymeric micelles by the selective covalent interaction of N-terminal cysteine residue with maleimide on Amph-PVP. The cytotoxicity of DR5-B-conjugated Amph-PVP polymeric nanoparticles was investigated in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) of human colon carcinoma HCT116 and HT29 cells, generated by the RGD-induced self-assembly technique (Akasov et al., Int. J. Pharm., 2016). In DR5-B-sensitive HCT116 MCTS, the P-DR5-B activity slightly increased compared to that of DR5-B. However in DR5-B-resistant HT29 MCTS, P-DR5-B significantly surpassed DR5-B in the antitumor activity. Thus, conjugation of DR5-B to the Amph-PVP nanoparticles enhanced its tumor cell killing capacity. In current study we obtained a new nano-scaled delivery system based on Amph-PVP self-aggregates coated with covalently conjugated antitumor DR5-specific cytokine DR5-B. P-DR5-B overcomes DR5-B-resistance of the human colon carcinoma MCTS in vitro. This makes Amph-PVP polymeric nanoparticles a perspective versatile nano-scaled delivery system for the targeted proteins.