HFIP-Promoted Michael Reactions: Direct para-Selective C-H Activation of Anilines with Maleimides

The Michael reaction is widely used for the C–C coupling of electron-poor olefins and C(sp3)–H pronucleophiles. Herein, an effective Michael reaction approach between electron-rich aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates as C(sp2)–H nucleophiles with maleimides as electrophiles in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) was first presented without the need for any additional metal catalysts or reagents. This reaction provides a concise and environmentally friendly strategy for the facile construction of 3-aryl succinimides from N,N-disubstituted anilines and maleimides with high para selectivity.