Hydraulic and heat transfer study of SiO2/water nanofluids in horizontal tubes with imposed wall temperature boundary conditions

Abstract The convective heat transfer of SiO 2 /water colloidal suspensions (5–34 wt.%) is investigated experimentally in a flow loop with a horizontal tube test section whose wall temperature is imposed. Experiments were performed at different inlet temperatures (20, 50, 70 °C) in cooling and/or heating conditions at various flow rates (200