Employing a Flexible and Low-Cost Polypyrrole Nanotube Membrane as an Anode to Enhance Current Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells.

: The flexible and low-cost polypyrrole nanotube membrane is demonstrated as a promising anode in microbial fuel cells, which significantly enhances the extracellular electron transfer between Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and the electrode, owing to the large active surface area and high electrical conductivity.