Left sided valvar regurgitation in normal children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE—To determine the prevalence and characteristics of left sided valvar regurgitation in normal children and adolescents. DESIGN—Prospective observational study. SETTING—Tertiary paediatric referral centre. PATIENTS—329 volunteers (194 male, 135 female, age range 3-18 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES—Detection of regurgitation with colour flow mapping after valve closure. Measurement of jet area, maximal velocity, and duration. RESULTS—Mitral regurgitation was present in six subjects (1.82%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38% to 3.3%) and was not seen before 7 years of age. The jets ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 cm2 (mean 1.4 cm2) in area and were confined to the proximal half of the left atrium. All of the detectable jets were pansystolic and five of six arose from the posteriomedial aspect of the mitral valve. Aortic regurgitation was seen in one girl aged 11 years (0.3%, 95% CI 0% to 0.9%). The signal was pandiastolic and 0.44 cm2 in area. CONCLUSIONS—True mitral regurgitation occurring after rather than during mitral valve closure was detected in < 2% of subjects. These data support previous work in adult patients suggesting that trivial degrees of mitral regurgitation may be related to the process of aging. Aortic regurgitation is very rare in normal children and adolescents and should not be considered as a normal finding. Keywords: left sided valvar regurgitation; paediatric cardiology