Stent implantation to relieve secondary pulmonary venous stenosis in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: case report

Pulmonary venous stenosis may be congenital or acquired. Regardless of its origin, the prognosis for patients affected with PVS remains poor. There have been many attempts to palliate PVS with little success. This report describes two patients with PVS which became evident after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Intravascular stents were successfully implanted, but progressive restenoses in the stents occurred and eventually both of the patients died. The pertinent literature is reviewed.