Performance study of FLL schemes for a successful acquisition-to-tracking transition

This article focuses on the analysis of several FLL schemes for different GNSS signals in order to success the acquisition-to-tracking transition at low received C/N 0 . In a first part, a discussion on different FLL discriminators is lead by comparing frequency error response, linear region, data bit transition insensitivity. Then, based on Monte-Carlo simulations, for each signal, the choices of FLL scheme parameters as the discriminator, loop bandwidth, correlator outputs combination technique are studied in order to highlight the FFL schemes which provide the best performance in terms of probability to get locked.