Immunogenicity, effectiveness and safety of combined hepatitis A and B vaccine: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACTBackground: Hepatitis A and B are two of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is recommended for those at risk of contracting HAV and/or HBV through their occupation, travel or lifestyle.Objective: To describe the vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, effectiveness and safety of the combined vaccine against hepatitis A and hepatitis B.Methods: A systematic review of the literature published between 1990 and 2015.Results: Anti-HAV seropositivity rates ranged from 96.2% to 100% and anti-HBs seroprotection rates from 82% to 100%. Antibodies persisted up to 15 years and geometric mean concentration (GMC) remained above the seropositivity cut-off value for both.Anti-HAV and anti-HBs immune responses were lower in less immunocompetent individuals one month after completion of the immunization schedule.The safety profiles of TwinrixTM and monovalent hepatitis A and B vaccines were similar.Conclusion: The vaccine offers satisfacto...