RingBFT: Resilient Consensus over Sharded Ring Topology.

The recent surge in federated data-management applications has brought forth concerns about the security of underlying data and the consistency of replicas in the presence of malicious attacks. A prominent solution in this direction is to employ a permissioned blockchain framework that is modeled around traditional Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols. Any federated application expects its data to be globally scattered to achieve faster access. But, prior works have shown that traditional BFT protocols are slow and this led to the rise of sharded-replicated blockchains. Existing BFT protocols for these sharded blockchains are efficient if client transactions require access to a single-shard, but face performance degradation if there is a cross-shard transaction that requires access to multiple shards. However, cross-shard transactions are common, and to resolve this dilemma, we present RingBFT, a novel meta-BFT protocol for sharded blockchains. RingBFT requires shards to adhere to the ring order, and follow the principle of process, forward, and re-transmit while ensuring the communication between shards is linear. Our evaluation of RingBFT against state-of-the-art sharding BFT protocols illustrates that RingBFT achieves up to 25x higher throughput, easily scales to nearly 500 globally distributed nodes, and achieves a peak throughput of 1.2 million txns/s.