Utilization of tissue habitats by Myxobolus wulii Landsberg & Lom, 1991 in different carp hosts and disease resistance in allogynogenetic gibel carp: redescription of M-wulii from China and Japan

Myxobolus wulii (=Myxosoma magna) was first described from the gills of goldfish, Carassius auratus auratus, in China. Subsequently, a myxosporean infecting the hepatopancreas of allogynogenetic gibel carp, C. auratus gibelio, was designated as a different species, Myxobolus guanqiaoensis, although the morphological features were almost identical to those of M. wulii. In Japan, an unidentified Myxobolus sp. was found in the gills and hepatopancreas of goldfish. Morphological and molecular analyses in the present study identified these myxosporeans as M. wulii, which was thus shown to use different habitats in the host fish. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences showed that M. wulii is closely related to two gill-infecting Myxobolus species, M. ampullicapsulatus and M. longisporus. Fish infected with M. wulii in the hepatopancreas exhibit swollen abdomens and chronic mortality. Hepatopancreas tissues are virtually destroyed and replaced with plasmodia of M. wulii. A remarkable difference in susceptibility to M. wulii between two clones of allogynogenetic gibel carp was observed, suggesting that resistance to the myxosporean infection was established in a clone of fish bred by allogynogenesis.