Autochthonous and international grape varieties grown in Serbia - Phenolic and elemental composition

Abstract The phenolic and elemental profiles of Serbian autochthonous grape varieties `Smederevka` and `Plovdina` were studied and compared with some international varieties. Total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity were highest in seeds of `Plovdina`, and in `Smederevka` skins, which also had the highest contents of ferulic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids (16.0, 1.44 and 0.98 mg/kg, respectively). Protocatechuic acid was quantified only in the seeds of these varieties. Untypically for Vitis vinifera L. species, the presence of malvidin 3,5-O-dihexoside was found in the skins of 'Vranac' and 'Muscat Hamburg'. In `Plovdina` skins among the anthocyanins, hexosides of peonidin and delphinidin were prevalent. `Plovdina` grapes had lower quantities of Al, Ni and Na in comparison to the other varieties intended for white wine production. Significant correlations among the most abundant elements, such as K, P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, and Zn, pointed to potential positive interactions. For elements that have toxicological reference values, the health risk assessment was calculated for adults and children, and suggested that all samples were safe for human consumption.