Gender-specific haplotype association of collagen α2 (XI) gene in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

Among Japanese, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is a leading cause of myelopathy, showing ectopic bone formation in the paravertebral ligament. We have provided genetic evidence that the collagen α2 (XI) (COL11A2) locus of chromosome 6 constitutes susceptibility for OPLL. Five distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified in COL11A2, were combined to construct possible haplotypes by the use of a maximum likelihood program. Estimated haplotype frequency was compared in OPLL patients and non-OPLL controls. We report a gender-specific association of the COL11A2 haplotype with OPLL. The frequency of the most commonly observed haplotype was significantly higher in male patients (P = 0.0003) compared with controls, but not in female patients (P = 0.21). OPLL is predominantly observed in males, with a prevalence ratio of 2 : 1, and our gender-specific associations indicate that genetic factors involving COL11A2 play a specific role in the etiology of OPLL exclusively in males.