Deficient Processing of Alcohol Cues in the Addicted Brain: Evidence from Event-Related Potential Microstates

Abstract Objective Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) show altered brain responses to alcohol cues as compared to healthy controls. Event-related potential (ERP) studies mostly focus on the P3, which is usually diminished in AUD patients. The few studies that have investigated earlier components have yielded inconsistent results. The present study aimed at identifying the onset of impaired alcohol cue processing in AUD patients, as well as the association between neurophysiological processing and subjective craving. Methods A sample of 15 inpatients with AUD and 15 healthy controls completed a cue reactivity task with alcohol-related, neutral, and scrambled pictures. Multichannel-EEG was recorded from 70 scalp electrodes, and ERP microstates were analyzed. Results Patients displayed impaired neurophysiological processing, as indexed by a weaker P3 and a weaker, insensitive P1. The blunted P1 was associated with higher subjective craving. Conclusions Impaired alcohol cue processing in AUD emerges early, at the stage of sensory processing. Such deficient initial processing seems crucial to understanding cue reactivity processes in the brain and in the subjective experience of craving. Significance The results highlight the importance of investigating early ERP components preceding the P3, and contribute to the debate on the onset of information-processing dysfunction in the addicted brain.