Optimization of Essential Factors for Aquaculture Development in Taiwan

Taiwan is recognized as one of the advanced countries in aquaculture. Over the years, cutting edge technologies have been developed that modernized traditional culture techniques. With the rapid global changes in the 21(superscript st) century, aquaculture in Taiwan should be transformed into a knowledge-based, environment-friendly, high-tech industry in order to remain competitive and sustainable. To revolutionize aquaculture, it is essential to apply both technical and non-technical strategies. Technical strategies include (a) the innovation of current culture systems to further minimize stress on culture species, allow diversification of culture species, and save on manpower, energy and resources, (b) application of biotechnology, and (c) product development. For instance, growth and reproduction can be controlled and aquatic animals with specific traits can be produced through genetic engineering and cloning. Disease diagnoses and prevention can be enhanced using PCR techniques, immune enhancement, and DNA vaccines. Characterization of populations and conservation of aquatic biodiversity can be accomplished by identifying DNA microsatellite markers. Similarly, conventional biotechnologies, such as cell culture, cryopreservation, and chromosome manipulation, should be employed when applicable. Complementing the technical strategies are non-technical strategies to ensure that the aquaculture industry is responsive to the changing domestic and global issues. Among the non-technical strategies are comprehensive education, effective regulation, institutionalized aquafarmers' organization, more active participation in relevant international events, and strong promotion of aquatic products as healthy food. Since aquaculture is now a global, market-oriented industry, socio-economic analysis should always be conducted as reference for developments in the future. This paper reviews the essential factors that led to the success of aquaculture in Taiwan and recommends strategies to ensure its sustainability. With a holistic approach, the factors that led to the prosperity of aquaculture in Taiwan can be further optimized in the 21(superscript st) century.