Radiation Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the kidney representing about 3% of all cancer diagnoses and deaths. Surgical extirpation is the standard of care for the majority of patients. For patients with medical contraindications to surgery, SBRT (stereotactic body radiotherapy) is a non-invasive definitive treatment option which is being increasingly used with excellent published outcomes. IORT (intraoperative radiation therapy) may be considered for locally advanced or recurrent tumors at risk for positive margins or residual disease after surgery. In this chapter, practical and technical consideration for renal SBRT and IORT treatment planning and delivery are reviewed.