Deep Learning: a new definition of artificial neuron with double weight.

Deep learning is a subset of a broader family of machine learning methods based on learning data representations. These models are inspired by human biological nervous systems, even if there are various differences pertaining to the structural and functional properties of biological brains. The elementary constituents of deep learning models are neurons, which can be considered as functions that receive inputs and produce an output that is a weighted sum of the inputs fed through an activation function. Several models of neurons were proposed in the course of the years that are all based on learnable parameters called weights. In this paper we present a new type of artificial neuron, the double-weight neuron,characterized by additional learnable weights that lead to a more complex and accurate system. We tested a feed-forward and convolutional neural network consisting of double-weight neurons on the MNIST dataset, and we tested a convolution network on the CIFAR-10 dataset. For MNIST we find a $\approx 4\%$ and $\approx 1\%$ improved classification accuracy, respectively, when compared to a standard feed-forward and convolutional neural network built with the same sets of hyperparameters. For CIFAR-10 we find a $\approx 12\%$ improved classification accuracy. We thus conclude that this novel artificial neuron can be considered as a valuable alternative to common ones.