Vitamin D and male infertility: advances in studies

Vitamin D (VD) has a definite effect on the regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone health. As the research progresses, the relationship between VD and male reproduction has been gradually revealed. This article describes the important effects of VD on male fertility by expounding the relationship between VD metabolism, VD and male sex hormones, sperm quality and pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the effect of VD on male reproduction and its mechanism will provide new ideas and methods to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Key words: Vitamin D (VD); Male reproduction; Sex hormones; Sperm