Identification of malachite green in industrial wastewater using lignocellulose biomass composite bio-sorbent and UPLC-MS/MS: a green environmental approach

Abstract A method based on eco-friendly solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was validated for the trace analysis of malachite green (MG) in industrial wastewater samples. For the extraction of MG, a lignocellulose biomass composite material was prepared from moringa oleifera pods, which were modified with CuFe 2 O 4, and used as solid phase extraction bio-sorbent. The chromatographic separation of MG was optimised using an Acquity ® BEH C 18 analytical column in isocratic separation conditions (65% water with formic acid (0.1%, v/v) and 35% methanol). The total separation time was 2 > 0.999), precision (run-to-run and day-to-day)