Histamine-induced protein leakage in hypertensive rats: inhibition by verapamil

Hypertension has been associated with an enhanced transport of macromolecules from the vasculature to the interstitium. The first objective of this study was to determine if, under control conditions, there is an enhanced leakage of macromolecules from the cremaster vasculature of the hypertensive rat. The second objective was to determine if the response to a mediator of macromolecular leakage (histamine) was altered in the renovascular hypertensive rat. A third objective was to determine if a calcium entry blocker, verapamil, could inhibit histamine-induced leakage and, if so, was the sensitivity to verapamil different in the renovascular hypertensive rat. Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and the cremaster preparation was used for in vivo television microscopy studies. Fluorescein isothiocyanate was tagged to rat serum albumin (FITC-RSA), and the leakage of this albumin from the vasculature to the interstitium was quantitated by the use of fluorescent microscopy techniques. There was no difference during control conditions in macromolecular leakage between the normotensive and hypertensive rats. However, histamine induced a greater leakage in the renovascular hypertensive rat than in the normotensive controls. In addition, verapamil, in the presence of normal calcium levels, inhibited the histamine-induced leakage in the hypertensive rats but not in the normotensive controls. These data suggest that enhanced macromolecular leakage during hypertension may be due to an increased sensitivity to mediators of protein leakage. These agents may produce protein leakage by enhancing entry of extracellular calcium into endothelial cells.