Hémoglobinurie chez l’enfant à Ouagadougou: prise en charge hospitalière et pronostic à court terme

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary features of hemoglobinuria in children hospitalized in the Pediatric University Hospital Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study over the period 01st July-31st December 2014. All children aged 0-15 years hospitalized in the Department of Medical Pediatrics of the Pediatric University Hospital Charles de Gaulle and diagnosed with macroscopic hemoglobinuria during the study period were enrolled. Results: Thirty-eight patients were included in the study. Hospitalization rate for hemoglobinuria was 1.9%. The average age of patients was 80.8 ± 44.1 months (ranging from 21 to 168). The study involved 23 boys (60.5%) and 15 girls (39.5%). The major clinical signs were: fever (86.8%), dark urines like « coca cola » (86.8%), pallor (63.2%), hepatomegaly (50%). Glomerular filtration flow was less than 80 mL/min/1.73m2 in 23 patients (69.7%); 21 patients had Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The main suspected causes of hemoglobinuria were: severe malaria, bacterial and viral infections, G6PD deficiency, biliary haemoglobinuric fever. Treatments included: artemisinin derivatives, antibiotics and antipyretics. One patient underwent dialysis. Conclusion: Hemoglobinuria is a symptom mainly causing diagnostic problems in our context. It is a severe disorder which can result in acute renal failure (ARF).