[Skin graft, smoking and diabetes mellitus type 2].

2012 
El tabaco y la hiperglucemia reducen significativamente el exito de los injertos cutaneos. El estres oxidativo y la disfuncion endotelial son factores que se asocian tanto al tabaquismo como a la diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2. El objetivo de este estudio fue constatar si existe una asociacion entre estos factores de riesgo y el descenso en el porcentaje de exito de los injertos en perdidas cutaneas de diversa etiologia. Estudio bicentrico, retrospectivo, de casos y controles, llevado a cabo de enero 2000 a diciembre 2009, en los centros hospitalarios de Reina Sofia (Cordoba, Espana) y Birmingham (Alabama, EE.UU.), con 2457 pacientes que cumplian los criterios de inclusion. El exito del injerto p ara cada grupo fue analizado mediante chi-cuadrado. El intervalo de confianza fue del 95%. El habito de fumar y la DM tipo 2 disminuyeron el porcentaje de exito de los injertos comparados con sus grupos controles, siendo el efecto de la DM tipo 2 mayor que el del tabaco. Se observo un descenso altamente significativo del porcentaje de injertos prendidos, del 18% en el grupo de fumadores (de 86% a 68%), y del 25% en el grupo de los diabeticos (de 78% a 53%). El calculo de OR demostro asociacion entre los factores de riesgo estudiados y el menor exito de los injertos cutaneos, siendo mayor para la DM tipo 2. En conclusion: la DM tipo 2 y el habito de fumar son factores que influyen negativamente en el exito de los injertos cutaneos.(AU) Smoking and hyperglycemia decrease the success of skin graft survival in specific circumstances. It is well known that smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 increase the oxidative and impair the endothelial function. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if smoking and DM type 2 are factors associated with lower skin graft survival, in different etiologies of the injury associated to the skin loss. It was a bicentric, retrospective, cross sectional case control study, carried out on 2457 medical patients who met the inclusion criteria. It was carried out over a 10 years period between January 2000-December 2009, at Reina Sofia University Hospital (Cordoba, Spain) and UAB Hospital at Birmingham (Alabama, USA). The percentage of successful graft for each group and its control were analyzed by Chi-square test. The confidence interval chosen for statistical differences was 95%. Smoking and DM type 2 decreased the percentage of skin graft survival when compared with their control groups. DM type 2 was associated with greater negative success on skin graft survival than smoking when compared with their control groups.. There was a statistically significant drop in skin graft of 18% in smoking group (range: 68-86%) and 25% in DM type 2 group (53-78%). The OR showed a clear association between the risk factors studied and the lower skin graft success, being stronger for DM type 2. In conclusion, DM type 2 and smoking are factors associated to lower skin graft take.(AU)
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