Current problems of synaptic plasticity

The present review focuses on the results of modern studies confirming the last century ideas about the effect of neuron discharge on the effectiveness of its synaptic inputs. This concept is being developed now at the receptor, channel and intracellular levels, which allows to reveal the special role of calcium ions in the activation of a number of cascades leading to transient or long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission. An important role of various physiologically active compounds that affect synaptic plasticity and, through it, the cognitive processes in humans is emphasized, which has not only fundamental, but also applied significance. Cellular and receptor targets of nootropic drugs aimed at the correction of various types of cognitive impairment are specifically considered