11. Fractures and minor head injuries: minor injuries in children II.

Fractures in children are common, but the plasticity of children's bones means that they may be incomplete. If a child has deformity, swelling or bony point tenderness in a limb after a fall, it is likely to be fractured. A fractured limb that appears deformed will most probably need to be reduced. Effective splinting, using whatever means is readily available, and early, adequate analgesia, can ameliorate the severe pain associated with a fracture. In young children with open growth plates, Salter-Harris type I injuries of the distal fibula are more common than ligament injuries of the ankle. After an ankle ligament injury, functional treatment - brace or tapes, with active physiotherapy - results in a better outcome than immobilisation. A child with a head injury, who does not lose consciousness, has only one or no episodes of vomiting, and is stable, alert and interactive, and neurologically normal, is extremely unlikely to have sustained an intracranial injury.