CARACTERÍSTICAS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS DAS ANOMALIAS CONGÊNITAS DO TUBO NEURAL EM MENORES DE 5 ANOS DE IDADE E POSSÍVEIS FATORES DE RISCO PARA A SUA OCORRÊNCIA EM CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES-RJ

Neural tube defects have a multifactorial etiology, involving not only genetic factors but also environmental. Among several generating factors, it´s evident the support and importance of folic acid in reducing or even preventing the occurrence of malformations. This water soluble vitamin is related closely with the synthesis of DNA and RNA and, therefore, with the fetal development. It was implemented in the country the mandatory fortification of flour and corn flour with iron and folic acid, reducing the occurrence of anomalies in 35%. Meanwhile, higher levels of daily supplementation greater than 5mg of folic acid reduce between 75% and 91%. This fact demonstrates the relevance and benefits of the implementation of folate prenatal. The ideal period for this would be the periconceptional administration, which comprises about 1-3 months before pregnancy and up to four months after conception. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of congenital neural tube defects in infants under five years old in Campos dos Goytacazes, through a case-control study, so that possible risk factors can be analyzed for the occurrence of such abnormalities in young nurseling in this city. For the analysis of the distribution of neural tube effects have been used the following variables: socioeconomic, educational level, maternal age, whether or not the use of folic acid, conducting prenatal, among others. The sample that is collected is the simple probabilistic random, and the period of the study comprises 1st March 2016 until May 30 2017. These  project attend the 2012 version of Resolution 196/96 CNS relating to questions of ethics in research involving humans.