The Palomo procedure in the treatment of boys with varicocele: a retrospective study of testicular growth and fertility

The Palomo procedure has often been criticized with regard to possible atrophy of the testis. Measuring the testicular volume is mainly used in pre- and postoperative assessment. Evidence concerning fertility remains unclear. The aim of this study was to learn whether now-adult former patients had any disturbance of their testicular growth and/or fertility. Out of 79 patients operated upon with Palomo's procedure between 1979 and 1990, 33 could be evaluated. They all had grade II or III left-sided varicoceles. Investigations consisted of: the patient's history, testicular-volume measurement by means of an orchidometer (OM) (Prader) and ultrasonography (US), and semen analysis (27/33) 6–17 years after surgery. No recurrence of grade II varicoceles was observed. Only 1 of the 33 patients might have had testicular atrophy, yet he had already fathered 3 children! Twenty-three had a normal sperm count and 24/27 showed normal sperm motility. Eight hydroceles were either present at the time of investigation or had been operated upon in the past. Estimations of testicular volume by OM and US showed significant differences between the two methods concerning volume and relation of right to left side. In general, the volume was overestimated by the OM. The study shows that in boys the simple surgical technique proposed by Palomo has – in the long run – no disadvantages for testicular development and sperm production. Fertility should therefore not be compromised.