Das Zürcher "Ambulante Intensiv-Programm" (AIP) zur Behandlung von Sexual- und Gewaltstraftätern : Teil 1: Entstehungsgeschichte und methodische Grundlagen

In the Zurich PPD model a broad spectrum of therapy for the prevention of offences is integrated into Law Enforcement by the incorporation of a forensic psychiatric-psychological centre of competence into the organisational structures of the legal authorities. In this context, the 'Zurich Intensive Programme', a therapy programme for the prevention of offences by sexual and violent offenders with a high habitual risk disposition deep-seated in the personality, has been running in the largest of the Swiss penal institutions since 2000. The programme is part of the overall strategy of Law Enforcement in the Zurich PPD model, oriented towards a maximum prevention of offences. The programme in this form is unique in Switzerland. Up to now predominantly repeat offenders in detention have been treated. With reference to the findings of forensic therapy evaluation studies the 'Zurich Intensive Programme' advocates an integrative, specifically offence-oriented and group-therapeutic treatment approach. The underlying concepts are built on a continuous systematic integration of methods on the basis of the epistemological position of pragmatism and anthropological concepts, which take account of the variety of people's life patterns, self-responsibility and life-long development. The treatment concept is also strictly oriented towards the results of therapeutic efficacy research (common-factor approach). The following aspects are essential conceptional elements of the 'Zurich Intensive Programme': interdisciplinary co-operation in the transprofessional sphere of the penal system, the specific variation of the treatment setting in the therapeutic course of the process, the treatment group as the central therapeutic work field, an offence-oriented mode of operation and the inclusion of resource-promoting intervention strategies. Central to this is the orientation of treatment work directed at the maximum prevention of offences on the basis of a multidimensional target matrix, which integrates approximate and precise objectives, and short-, mid- and long-term changes. The treatment programme integrated into the structures of the penal institution can be regarded, on the basis of experience to date, as a forward-looking model for a differentiation process oriented towards the consistent prevention of offences in a modern penal system. The comprehensive concept of the 'Zurich Intensive Programme' must take into account both the distinct structural danger of relapse of the treated detainees, the high treatment intensity to be presented in a sustained way and the interdisciplinary requirements, which result from the integration of such a treatment approach into the structures of a penal institution. By specifically employing therapeutic resources and consistently using synergetic potentials, it is possible on the basis of this plan to implement a high-quality range of treatments, which are favourable in price in comparison with other in-patient programmes of similar intensity. The fundamental conceptional aspects of the 'Zurich Intensive Programme' are presented in this article. The specific therapeutic concept for the prevention of offences, such as the interplay and importance of obligatory offence-oriented and complementary personality-focussing treatment elements, diagnostic focus, group cohesion/relationship patterns, offence orientation, controlled testing and aftercare will be shown and explained with examples in a later study.