Acute unilateral leukemic hypopyon in an adult with relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Purpose To report acute unilateral hypopyon uveitis as an initial presenting feature of relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in an adult patient. Design Observational case report. Methods Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed in a 56-year-old male presenting with treatment-resistant unilateral hypopyon while in the remission phase of ALL. Results Examination of the aqueous humor aspirate revealed presence of malignant cells compatible with the previous bone marrow biopsy and subsequent spinal tap results. Conclusions Atypical hypopyon uveitis can be an indication of relapsing ALL, even in adults. Prompt anterior chamber aspiration is required for the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.