Definition of T3/4 and Regional Lymph Nodes in Gallbladder Cancer: Which Is More Valid, the UICC or the Japanese Staging System?

Background The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery (JSBS) staging systems differ in their staging of gallbladder cancer: they define hepatic invasion with or without invasion of another organ as T3 and either T3 or T4, respectively, and posterosuperior pancreatic lymph node (PSPLN) metastases as M1 and N2, respectively.