Technique for serial right and left ventricular endocardial biopsy in dogs

A method is described for obtaining left and right ventricular endocardial biopsies repeatedly over a period of 3–6 mo in the dog. The left ventricular endocardial biopsy technique consists of the placement of a catheter via the venous route across the atrial septum and into the left ventricle. The biopsy catheter is in turn placed within this transseptal catheter. Tissues obtained by this method were satisfactory for both light and electron microscopic examination. At postmortem examination, only minimal and insignificant damage existed at the biopsy site. Consequently, we recommend this technique for the study of progressive pathologic changes in the endocardium that occur during the course of an experiment which can be identified and quantified in comparison to the control state.