Subway-Related Trauma: An Urban Public Health Issue with a High Case-Fatality Rate

Abstract Background Between 1990 and 2003, there were 668 subway-related fatalities in New York City. However, subway-related trauma remains an understudied area of injury-related morbidity and mortality. Objective The objective of this study was to characterize the injuries and events leading up to the injuries of all patients admitted after subway-related trauma. Methods We conducted a retrospective case series of subway-related trauma at a Level I trauma center from 2001 to 2016. Descriptive epidemiology of patient demographics, incident details, injuries, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Over 15 years, 254 patients were admitted for subway-related trauma. The mean (standard error of the mean) age was 41 (1.0) years, 80% were male (95% confidence interval [CI] 74–84%) and median Injury Severity Score was 14 (interquartile range [IQR] 5–24). The overall case-fatality rate was 10% (95% CI 7–15%). The most common injuries were long-bone fractures, intracranial hemorrhage, and traumatic amputations. Median length of stay was 6 days (IQR 1–18 days). Thirty-seven percent of patients required surgical intervention. At the time of injury, 55% of patients (95% CI 49–61%) had a positive urine drug or alcohol screen, 16% (95% CI 12–21%) were attempting suicide, and 39% (95% CI 33–45%) had a history of psychiatric illness. Conclusions Subway-related trauma is associated with a high case-fatality rate. Alcohol or drug intoxication and psychiatric illness can increase the risk of this type of injury.