Demonstration of high-performance negative central magnetic shear discharges in the DIII-D tokamak

Reliable operation of discharges with negative central magnetic shear has led to significant increases in plasma performance and reactivity in both low confinement, L‐mode, and high confinement, H‐mode, regimes in the DIII‐D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159]. Using neutral beam injection early in the initial current ramp, a large range of negative shear discharges have been produced with durations lasting up to 3.2 s. The total noninductive current (beam plus bootstrap) ranges from 50% to 80% in these discharges. In the region of shear reversal, significant peaking of the toroidal rotation [fφ(0)∼30–60 kHz] and ion temperature [Ti(0)∼15–22 keV] profiles are observed. In high‐power discharges with an L‐mode edge, peaked density profiles are also observed. Confinement enhancement factors up to H≡τE/τITER‐89P∼2.5 with an L‐mode edge, and H∼3.3 in an edge localized mode (ELM)‐free H mode, are obtained. Transp...