PtDRG1, a Desiccation Response Gene from Pyropia tenera (Rhodophyta), Exhibits Chaperone Function and Enhances Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Pyropia are commercially valuable marine red algae that grow in the intertidal zone. They are extremely tolerant to desiccation stress. We have previously identified and reported desiccation response genes (DRGs) based on transcriptome analysis of P. tenera. Among them, PtDRG1 encodes a polypeptide of 22.6 kDa that is located in the chloroplast. PtDRG1 does not share sequence homology with any known gene deposited in public database. Transcription of PtDRG1 gene was upregulated by osmotic stress induced by mannitol or H2O2 as well as desiccation stress, but not by heat. When PtDRG1 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli or Chlamydomonas, transformed cells grew much better than control cells under high temperature as well as osmotic stress induced by mannitol and NaCl. In addition, PtDRG1 significantly reduced thermal aggregation of substrate protein under heat stress condition. These results demonstrate that PtDRG1 has a chaperone function and plays a role in tolerance mechanism for abiotic stress. This study shows that red algae have unknown stress proteins such as PtDRG1 that contributes to stress tolerance.