Culture and international investment

Non-market factors have long been on the agenda of international business literature as an important explanatory and managerial variable (Rodriguez, Siegel, Hillman, and Eden, 2006). A central task for multinational corporation (MNC) managers is learning how to cope with non-market differences between their home market and foreign markets. These differences have an impact on decisions such as entry and establishment modes, location, and governance, and refl ect on the performance and survival of international operations (Kirkman, Lowe, and Gibson, 2006; Ambos and Hakanson, 2014). This chapter relates two important non-market components, namely culture and politics, to the international investment decisions of developing country multinational corporations (DMNCs).