Laser Propulsion with Liquid Propellants Part I: an Overview

Despite years of research, laser propulsion on liquid propellants has yet to achieve specific impulses greater than tens of seconds. It is well established that liquids, when used as propellants, can provide coupling coefficient (Cm) on the order of 100–1000 dyne/W. However, the specific impulse (Isp) has proven to be significantly inferior to that for solid propellants. This paper will examine the various laser propulsion schemes based on ablation of liquid propellants and intended primarily for space applications. The principal shortcomings associated with liquid propellants will be outlined.