Recent Developments in Current-Mode Sinusoidal Oscillators: Circuits and Active Elements

In this paper a review of the state-of-the-art analog active elements and their applications in developing current-mode sinusoidal oscillators with explicit output currents is presented. The oscillator circuits are classified according to the active elements used, the number of output currents, the order of the oscillator, the feasibility of independent control of the frequency and the condition of oscillation according to the widely used Barkhausen criterion. The accuracy of the conclusions based on the use of this criterion for controlling the frequency and the condition of oscillation is also discussed.